The first basilica of St. Peter's Cathedral, was built around the year 320 by Emperor Constantine. It was the largest church of Constantine stage in the West. It was situated where they were supposed buried the remains of the Apostle and became the paradigm of primitive basilica far into the Middle Ages.
took reference to the Roman basilica (designed to administer justice), for its spacious dimensions, and it was never room of worship of other religions. Its structure elongated, rectangular and divided into ships, made them well suited to the needs of Christian worship. The exterior of the early Christian basilica is very sober, with walls smooth and without ornamentation. It had an atrium with portico. On the other hand their covers were made of wood and roof fell to 2 waters. The big difference to the Roman basilicas here is that the vaults have been removed. Inside the nave was twice as wide as the sides and top. It is precisely this greater height, allowed to place in the top row of windows that allowed the interior lighting. The roof was made of wood. Also include a transept or nave that cuts across the longitudinal vessels, which give rise to feature a Latin cross. Now I leave you a video that sums up everything written above: Demolished in the late fifteenth century by its ruinous state, on the site it occupied was built in the sixteenth century (it began with Bramante) the huge basilica that is now the highest expression of the power of the Roman Church. But that was discussed in the next post. 
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